Herbert Riggs on Finance

Consumers are often baffled by the home appraisal process. They may feel their home is worth a certain dollar amount, and therefore, the appraised value doesn't make sense to them. It is important to know that appraisal guidelines are dictated by the lenders. In many states, the lenders must disclose the purpose of the appraisal, as each situation carries its own set of rules.

In essence, lender guidelines force appraisers to put a fair market value on a home based upon comparable sales in the area where the home is located, as the home must be bracketed according to size and value. For example, there is no set amount associated with a great view, pool, spa, bathroom upgrades, etc. If a homeowner installs a custom pool that cost them $30,000, and the local marketplace supports the value of a pool at $15,000, that item will be bracketed as [$15,000] on the appraisal.

Upgrades can usually be expressed at full value in newer homes since they required investing additional money onto the cost of building the home. On the other hand, the amount invested in upgrading or remodeling an older home is rarely reflected in full in the final appraisal. The reason is the home had value in its original condition, and again, the value of the upgrades must be supported by comparable examples within the same marketplace.

These comparisons must be drawn from current market activity within the last six months. Some lenders may want to look at both closed and pending sales to see if there is any room for negotiation. This is a safeguard to prevent appraisers from over-valuing the home in question. It is further stated in the guidelines that appraisers can only place a value on homes that have closed escrow. However, when property values rapidly increase within a marketplace, appraisers are generally permitted to make concessions and put more weight on the evidence provided by comparisons to pending sales and listings. This allows for a "real time" appraisal.

Although there is no formal standard to speak of, most lenders give the appraiser a 5% margin of error. If the file is reviewed and the appraiser is off by 8%, there is a good chance the value will be cut by the full 8%. It is in the best interest of both the appraiser and the homeowner not to push the value up higher than the market will support, otherwise the property evaluation may be exposed to a strict appraisal review.

As a loan executive, I make it a point to follow lender guidelines at all times, and work within the systems they provide. This promotes a good relationship with the lender, and smooth closure for my borrowers. As always, you are welcome to contact me if you have any questions.

It's not just banks and lenders that rely on credit scores to help make important credit decisions. Landlords, employers, insurance companies, and even cell phone and other utility companies all reportedly utilize credit scores to help determine their business and credit relationships with consumers. This means that your credit is the most important component of your entire financial portfolio. Because of this, monitoring and managing your FICO score is vital, especially if you're looking to buy or refinance a home anytime in the near future.

The FICO scoring system was created in the 1960s by Fair Isaac Corporation and has been the standard for lenders since the 1980s. FICO credit scores typically range between a low score of 350 and a high score of 850. Under the FICO system, securing credit becomes less expensive for borrowers with higher scores (those who represent the least risk) and more expensive for borrowers with lower scores (those who represent the most risk). In fact, when it comes to a mortgage, a lower credit score could easily cost a consumer hundreds of thousands of dollars more in interest throughout the life of the loan, compared to the same loan with a higher score.

FICO Scores	APR	Monthly Payment
760-850	5.751%	$1,751
700-759	5.973%	$1,793
660-699	6.257%	$1,849
620-659	7.067%	$2,009
580-619	9.165%	$2,449
500-579	10.194%	$2,676

Source: Myfico.com (30 year fixed-rate mortgage on $300,000)

The above chart from MyFico.com clearly reveals the relationship between higher FICO scores and lower interest rates and monthly mortgage payments. According to Experian®, one of the three main credit bureaus in the US, FICO scores also accurately reflect “the likelihood of a borrower becoming delinquent on a loan or credit obligation in the future.” In other words, the FICO scoring model looks to the past to “predict” the future risk a borrower represents to a bank or lender, and then prices the loan accordingly.

Not long ago, a FICO score of 680 was pretty good. In a tough credit market like today's, however, a 680 could be devastating to the bottom line of consumers looking to buy or refinance a home. In fact, thanks to Loan Level Price Adjustments (LLPA) from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, having less than a 720 in today's credit environment will cost you big: up to 2% in points or up to a 1% increase in your interest rate!

LLPAs are mandatory surcharges based strictly on credit scores. They are additional fees paid to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, not your mortgage professional. Analysts suggest that imposing these “penalties” is a blatant effort to recoup – and to help lessen further losses – on foreclosures. The surcharge could mean thousands of dollars for borrowers who do not monitor and maintain a good credit rating.

If you're thinking about buying, selling, or refinancing a home, you have to be credit ready. Give us a call today for a free credit consultation. We'll pull your credit and see where you stand. Remember, effective credit repair, if necessary, could take up to 3-6 months, so act now and be credit ready in no time.

There is much give and take involved in negotiating a property purchase. That's why it's important to have a checklist of what you want to get out of the deal as a buyer. Bear in mind, the home must be appraised and the lender will be looking at the fair market value on a given property. Since property values fluctuate, your Real Estate Agent should do a comparative market analysis so you are aware of what the trends are for the area in which you are shopping. This will give you an idea as to whether the seller's asking price is realistic. You will also want to know how long the property has been on the market, and if any price reductions have occurred during that time.

Make sure your Real Estate Agent is on the same page with you so he/she is able to represent you properly. You also want to know that you are working with an agent that is experienced in representing the buyer. Not all agents have the ability to provide strong representation for both a buyer and a seller. If you have not yet selected a Real Estate Agent to represent you, my team and I can provide you with contacts that have a proven track record of success with our clientele.

Remember a good deal is mutually beneficial.

The seller will also have a wish list of what they want out of the negotiation. Listen attentively to determine what their hot buttons are. You can use this information to leverage what you want out of the deal at some point along the way.

Find out if the seller has a deadline. Perhaps they have already purchased their new home, or have to relocate because of a commitment to a new employer. Find out what the seller's current mortgage balance is and use this to your advantage.

On the other hand, if the seller wants to move because they can't manage upkeep on the home, or don't want to invest in repairs, these problems will be passed on to you. If you are prepared to go into a deal that involves a fixer-upper, there is an FHA financing program designed to provide funds for both purchase and repair. My team and I can provide you with more information on FHA loan programs and secondary financing.

You would also want to know if the seller is planning this move because there are problems in the neighborhood. Take a walking tour of the area and ask the residents what the neighborhood is like. You can also ask the local police department about the crime rate, or check the local newspaper for crime listings. Don't be afraid to ask questions.

When the seller is intent on getting their way on a certain point, make sure you are getting something in return. Typically the built-in amenities such as the dishwasher and garbage disposal will stay with the home. You can negotiate other items in exchange for something that ranks high on the seller's wish list. Be prepared to split the difference so everyone involved is satisfied with the negotiation. A win-win situation for both the buyer and the seller is critical to a smooth close.

Keep it simple and be direct, but above all, know that my team and I are here to assist you.

The Federal Reserve cut interest rates today for the seventh straight time since September of last year. Many experts believe that the Fed is done cutting interest rates and will begin a new watch-and-wait policy. This new policy is due – in part – to the fact that the first Stimulus Act rebate checks are hitting millions of mailboxes this week. The Fed hopes this money gives a boost in the arm to the economy.

If you've been taking a watch-and-wait approach with your own finances, now is the time to call and review your options.

Consider this: the Federal Reserve Board meets 11 times this year to review the health of the US economy and make adjustments if needed. Don't you think you owe it to yourself to take just a few minutes and do the same with your own financial goals?

I want to ensure that you're taking advantage of this unique market and not letting it pass you by. Here are just a few things to consider:

• Today's tougher housing market means there are some great buys to be had if you're looking to purchase. This is an especially friendly market for first-time home buyers.
• The government has temporarily increased FHA loan limits in many areas across the US. These government-insured loans are not FICO-score driven and require little to no down payment. Here's the catch: these new limits expire at the end of the year, so you must act now.
• You really don't want to play the waiting game if you are holding an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM). That's because there is nowhere for the rates to go but up from here, if we are truly at the end of the Fed's cutting cycle.

Invest 10 minutes in your financial future. Call me today. Together we'll review your situation. While the Fed takes a quick break from cutting to plan its next move, take advantage of the opportunity to do the same for yourself. I look forward to hearing from you!

First on tap tomorrow (Tuesday) is the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) for April - this gets at the touchy-feely stuff like how we feel about our financial situation and the overall economy. If sentiment is strong or rising, it is believed consumers are apt to spend.  If the trend is downward, it is an indication that consumers lack confidence and will hold off on large purchases.  The latter situation is better for the bond market and mortgage rates because a projected slowdown in spending reduces inflation concerns.  A decline from March is expected.

In addition to FOMC meeting results are 2 other important reports.  First on the menu is 1st Quarter Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and per the Treinor Report "arguably the single most important report that we see on a regular basis".   Considered the best indicator of economic growth or contraction, this report is expected to cause a major movement in the financial markets and therefore could domino-effect into the mortgage markets.  KEEP YOUR EYES OPEN FOR THIS ONE FOLKS.  Fuel-recession concerns abound.  Anything that smells of inflation concerns could push mortgage rates higher Wednesday.

Second item on that menu is the 1st  Quarter Employment Cost Index (ECI) a comprehensive measure of labor costs and growth rate. It is also a closely watched wage inflation signal. A large increase may cause the bond market to tank and mortgage rates to rise over inflation concerns.  A smaller than expected increase is better news for bonds and mortgage rates.  Per Bloomberg, consensus in the ECI - Q-Q change is 0.8% increase.

The FOMC meeting begins tomorrow and adjourns Wednesday afternoon so expect some movement this week with important information coming out throughout the week with greatest potential for volatility Wednesday or Friday.  Weaker than expected economic data could mean bond market rally.

When you refinance your existing mortgage, you are essentially paying off the existing mortgage debt and replacing it with a new loan. Many of the same costs are involved in refinancing a loan as are in first-time financing.

To start with, the lender will need personal information to verify employment for you and your co-borrower (if there is one). They will also need information regarding all of your debts and assets, including your existing mortgage.

In order to expedite the paperwork process, start gathering the following items:

• W2's from the last two years (For borrower and co-borrower, if you filed separately)
• If you are self-employed, bring signed copies of your last two year's tax returns, including all schedules that were filed, and a profit/loss statement or balance sheet for the current year
• Homeowner's insurance company name and number
• The original lender's contact information
• Most recent bank statements
• Most recent statements from 401ks, IRAs, mutual funds and securities accounts
• A copy of your current payment coupon for your existing loan, along with the outstanding mortgage balance

What costs are involved?

There are no-cost and low-cost refinance loans available, and some or all of the fees and closing costs may be waived with these types of loans. This is a brief rundown on fees that could be associated with a refinance loan:

• Application Fee - A fee charged by the lender to process the loan application.
• Appraisal Fee - This determines the current value of your home.
• Credit Report - The fee the lender charges to pull your credit report.
• Title Search and Title Insurance - You may be able to get your current title company to reissue a new policy and save money in this area.
• Survey - The lender may order a property survey to document the current status of the land your property is on.
• Loan Origination Fee - A fee the borrower pays the lender to underwrite the loan. Usually expressed in the form of points.
• Discount Points - One point is equal to one percent of the loan amount. You may want to pay discount points to secure a lower interest rate.
• Miscellaneous Fees - VA and FHA loans may have fees associated with them. Private mortgage Insurance (PMI), document preparation fees, notary fees and tax service fees may also fall under this category.
• Prepayment Penalty - If your existing loan carries a prepayment penalty clause, you will have to pay a percentage of the outstanding loan amount for paying the loan off early.

Just as you encountered in your original loan, your lender will be required to provide you with a Truth-in-Lending Statement that outlines the fees associated with your new mortgage loan. Let us help you evaluate your personal situation and assist you in finding the loan program that works best to meet your long-term goals.

Once your loan package has been sent to the lender, there are a number of things you should avoid doing that will change your financial picture. Remember, the lender is looking for stability and consistency. If you want the best interest rate, keep that in mind. Here are a few things to consider:

The lender is looking to see what your source of down payment is.

Your lender will most likely ask you to provide proof of your liquid assets. This includes bank statements for checking and savings accounts, verification of investments, and any other liquid assets. Some of the things they ask for may seem trivial, but keep in mind, if you are planning a move to a new home, it's important to have all documentation readily available. If the lender asks for cancelled checks or deposit receipts to meet certain conditions, you want to be able to find these things quickly to avoid delaying the closing of your loan. Make sure your paper trail is easy to document, and don't move money from one account to another.

Major purchases tip the scales against your favor.

Avoid making any major purchases. You might be thinking about purchasing new appliances for the new home. This is not the time to do it. Avoid making any major purchases on jewelry, appliances, furniture, vacations, or anything with a significant price tag.

Buying or leasing a car can make a negative impact on the way the lender views your financial status. This is a big ticket item that dramatically affects your debt-to-income ratio. You may feel you have room in your budget to purchase a new car, and think this is a worthy investment if you are looking for a home that will mean a longer commute for you on a daily basis. But by tacking a car payment onto your existing debt, you reduce the amount that you will qualify for in a home loan. A $400 a month car payment can reduce your approved loan limit by as much as $50,000. Think about doing this after your loan is approved if you really need it.

If you have to change jobs, you may be asked to document why this change occurred.

If you are changing jobs to increase your income, that's a no-brainer for the lender. If you have an erratic work history to start with, another job change may make it look worse for you.

If you are an hourly wage employee, most likely a job change will have no effect on your ability to qualify for a loan. If you have a track record of a consistent amount of overtime or consistent bonuses over the last two years, the lender views this favorably. If you change jobs, there is no way of knowing if the new employer will pay overtime. Many do not! If you work on a salary + commission or straight commission basis, it has a dramatic effect on your stability. If you are considering starting your own business, again, this is something to consider after your loan is funded.

While a short sale may be a last resort for many homeowners facing foreclosure, it also represents a great opportunity for potential home buyers and real estate investors. This article is designed to help answer a few basic questions about the substantial risk and reward involved in this extremely complex and often drawn out process.

What is a Short Sale?

A short sale is a legally-binding agreement to allow a home to be sold for less than the amount that is owed. And, while short sales are not by any means common or easy, because of increasing inventory levels and foreclosures in some parts of the country, lenders are much more eager to negotiate with borrowers who are having trouble paying their mortgages. For potential home buyers and real estate investors, a short sale also offers a great opportunity to purchase property at a significant discount.

However, don't expect a lot of help from the lender without first providing a sales contract from a qualified buyer and all the information required by the lender's loss mitigation department.

Of course, lenders are not looking to bail out "flippers" or other borrowers who simply overextended themselves. In most cases, a borrower must have suffered a serious financial hardship that directly caused him or her to default on the mortgage: the loss of a job, a serious illness, or the death of a loved one.

A written declaration and supporting documentation demonstrating financial hardship will definitely be required by the lender. This may include pay stubs, tax returns, and liquid asset statements, among other documentation.

Key Considerations to Keep in Mind

It's important to note that the difference between what is owed on a mortgage and the final amount the lender collects after the costs of the sale, including real estate commissions and possibly other charges don't simply disappear in a short sale. In the past, this deficiency or "canceled mortgage debt" was considered taxable income to the borrower. However, thanks to the Mortgage Forgiveness Act of 2007, the tax burden for qualifying canceled mortgage debt (as high as 35%) for primary residences only has been temporarily waived until the end of 2009.

If there are multiple liens against the property, all lien holders will have to be involved in the negotiation process, not just the first lien holder. Therefore, communication and patience are essential components of any short sale. This is why an experienced real estate agent and mortgage professional become so valuable to this process.

When you refinance your existing mortgage, you are essentially paying off the existing mortgage debt and replacing it with a new loan. Many of the same costs are involved in refinancing a loan as are in first-time financing.

To start with, the lender will need personal information to verify employment for you and your co-borrower (if there is one). They will also need information regarding all of your debts and assets, including your existing mortgage.

In order to expedite the paperwork process, start gathering the following items:

• W2's from the last two years (For borrower and co-borrower, if you filed separately)
• If you are self-employed, bring signed copies of your last two year's tax returns, including all schedules that were filed, and a profit/loss statement or balance sheet for the current year
• Homeowner's insurance company name and number
• The original lender's contact information
• Most recent bank statements
• Most recent statements from 401ks, IRAs, mutual funds and securities accounts
• A copy of your current payment coupon for your existing loan, along with the outstanding mortgage balance

What costs are involved?

There are no-cost and low-cost refinance loans available, and some or all of the fees and closing costs may be waived with these types of loans. This is a brief rundown on fees that could be associated with a refinance loan:

• Application Fee - A fee charged by the lender to process the loan application.
• Appraisal Fee - This determines the current value of your home.
• Credit Report - The fee the lender charges to pull your credit report.
• Title Search and Title Insurance - You may be able to get your current title company to reissue a new policy and save money in this area.
• Survey - The lender may order a property survey to document the current status of the land your property is on.
• Loan Origination Fee - A fee the borrower pays the lender to underwrite the loan. Usually expressed in the form of points.
• Discount Points - One point is equal to one percent of the loan amount. You may want to pay discount points to secure a lower interest rate.
• Miscellaneous Fees - VA and FHA loans may have fees associated with them. Private mortgage Insurance (PMI), document preparation fees, notary fees and tax service fees may also fall under this category.
• Prepayment Penalty - If your existing loan carries a prepayment penalty clause, you will have to pay a percentage of the outstanding loan amount for paying the loan off early.

Just as you encountered in your original loan, your lender will be required to provide you with a Truth-in-Lending Statement that outlines the fees associated with your new mortgage loan. Let us help you evaluate your personal situation and assist you in finding the loan program that works best to meet your long-term goals.

Comments from Fed Chief Bernanke and weaker than expected data from the job market painted a grim picture of current economic conditions. Slower economic growth generally leads to lower inflation, which is good news for mortgage markets, and mortgage rates dropped moderately during the week.

Wednesday, Bernanke testified before Congress. The focus was on the Bear Stearns rescue plan rather than current economic conditions, but he did outline the Fed's latest economic outlook. While acknowledging that the economy is in the midst of a downturn, he suggested that the economy will strengthen in the second half of the year, and he expects that growth will be positive in 2009. He believes that Fed rate cuts and government stimulus packages will help lift the economy. He also predicted that inflation will moderate in future months.

Friday's Employment report fell short of even Wall Street's reduced expectations. Against a consensus forecast for a loss of -50K jobs, the economy lost -80K jobs in March, and the figures from prior months were revised lower by an additional -67K. This marked the worst monthly results since March 2003. Once again, the construction and manufacturing sectors performed poorly. Average Hourly Earnings, a proxy for wages, rose at the expected rate. Overall, even though the job market performed very poorly during the first quarter of 2008, the current Unemployment Rate of 5.1% is still reasonably low by historical standards, and the Fed thinks that a recovery is not too far away.